There are no harmful health consequences of the iron content in water. Some of the harmless problems that too much iron in drinking water include changes in taste and color and stains on certain materials. There are basic water treatments that can be used to reduce the levels of iron and return them back to the regulated amount.
Regulations
The Department of Natural Resources regulates the iron content of water in the United States. The recommended amount of iron in drinking water is 0.3 mg/l. This number is only relevant to city water and does not apply to private water supply; however, these guidelines are often used to assess and correct problems in the private sector as well.
Types of Iron
There are four types of iron that exist in water. Each of these is responsible for reactions with the water that cause different harmless problems. The first type of iron is ferrous iron or clear- water iron. Clear-water iron is the cause for the most complaints among U.S. homeowners, and is caused when oxygen levels are too low in the water allowing iron to build up. While water containing ferrous iron may dispense clear, if allowed to set for several minutes tiny brown particles will appear at the bottom of the glass.
Ferric or red-water iron is the second type. When ferric iron comes in contact with the atmosphere it oxidizes. This oxidization causes a rust colored sediment to form because ferric iron is insoluble in water. Iron bacteria is harmless and grows in soil. It lives in the pipes and causes a slimy film that is suspended in a glass of water.
The third, organic iron, is iron that is found in shallow wells. This iron can mix with other organic matter and often causes yellowish stains on fabric, dishes and glassware,
Harmless Problems
When the iron level in drinking water is above .3 mg/l, several problems can occur. Although harmless to your health these issues are bothersome. Some of the problems that you may experience include: yellowish stains on laundry items, dishes and bathroom fixtures such as faucets and drains and a metallic taste or strong odor. If you experience any of these issues, your water should be tested and may need to be treated.
Water Treatment Options
According to the Department of Natural Resources, treatment options exist for the various types of iron that is present in water. These treatments typically eliminate the yellowing and foul taste or smell of the water because the iron levels are reduced. Some of the options for treatment include: filtration to remove the oxidized particles and accumulated iron; ion exchange, which substitutes ions such as sodium for soluble iron and chlorination to convert insoluble iron into soluble iron which is filterable.
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