Bladder pressure and discomfort is often medically classified as "abdominal pressure." There are many different conditions that can cause bladder pressure and discomfort. Often, this symptom is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic area, changes in urinary frequency or urgency, and pain upon urination.
Cystitis
One of the most common causes of bladder pressure and discomfort is cystitis. Cystitis refers to any sort of inflammation of the bladder, which causes pressure and discomfort in the pelvis and a strong need to urinate. Cystitis is most commonly caused by bacteria, in which case it is called a urinary tract infection and can spread to the kidney. Other causes of cystitis include the use of certain medications, use of a catheter or a reaction to spermicidal jellies or feminine hygiene sprays. Cystitis is generally treated with a course of antibiotics or by no longer using the product that is causing the inflammation.
Prostatitis
Another condition that (in men) can cause bladder pressure and discomfort is inflammation of the prostate gland, also known as prostatitis. The prostate is a small gland (approximately the size of a walnut) that sits directly below the bladder. It can become inflamed as a result of bacterial infection or for no apparent reason (a condition known as chronic prostatitis). Prostatitis is typically treated with antibiotics or periodic massage of the prostate.
Uterine Fibroid
In females, uterine fibroids can also be a cause of feelings of discomfort or pressure on the bladder. Uterine fibroids are tumors that develop in the lining of the uterus. Because the uterus is located near the bladder, these growths can press on the bladder, causing discomfort and pain upon urination. Uterine fibroids can either be surgically removed, treated with hormone therapy or treated with a uterine artery embolization, which can shrink the fibroids.
Ovarian or Uterine Cancer
One very serious cause of pressure and discomfort of the bladder is ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer occurs when cells from the ovaries develop genetic mutations and begin to grow abnormally, which can cause them to press on the bladder. Other symptoms of ovarian cancer include increased need to urination, feeling full, pelvic pain (especially after sex) and changes in menstruation. Ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed via an ultrasound or a pelvic examination.
Other Causes
Other, less common causes of bladder pressure and discomfort include endometriosis (a condition in which cells from the uterus begin to grow elsewhere), a bladder diverticulum (a small bulging pouch that can enlarge and cause bladder problems) or swelling of the neck of the bladder (making it difficult to urinate).
