Ringworm is not caused by a worm at all. This skin infection is actually caused by a fungus that thrives in moist, warm environments. Ringworm fungus is contagious, and can be passed along by contact with infected skin or by contact with a contaminated object. Sweaty skin and small abrasions predispose people to ringworm infection. The condition is particularly common in childhood, but it can occur in people of all ages.
Tinea Corporis
Ringworm of the body is called tinea corporis. The main sign of ringworm on the body is one or more patches of reddish, raised skin. Often these patches resemble rings with darker colored borders and central clearing. The raised areas may ooze, blister, flake or itch. Tinea corporis can occur on the arms, legs, face or trunk. Outbreaks have occurred where skin to skin contact is common, such as in day care centers or among teammates in wrestling competitions. Symptoms of tinea corporis occur about four to 10 days after contact with the fungus. A definite diagnosis is important for tinea corporis, because it can resemble a rash commonly seen with lyme disease.
Tinea Capitis
Ringworm of the scalp or beard area is called tinea capitis. The first signs of tinea capitis may be patchy areas of hair breakage, resulting in bald spots. The infected scalp may develop pus filled sores called kerions or round, scaly, inflamed areas. Itching is common. Contact with an infected pet, comb, or hat may result in ringworm infection in 10 to 14 days. Poor hygiene and excessive sweating increase the likelihood of infection. Tinea capitis can result in scarring and permanent hair loss if not treated. This type of ringworm requires a doctor visit for care.
Tinea Cruris
Ringworm of the crotch, or "jock itch," is a common manifestation of tinea fungus that occurs in men and boys. The main symptom of tinea cruris is itching in the upper thigh and groin. Tinea cruris does not grow on the scrotum or penis. This helps to differentiate ringworm infection from other possible diseases of the genital area. Often the affected skin is abnormally dark, reddish or scaly. Athletic cups should be washed frequently to help prevent infection, and tight clothing should be avoided. Over-the-counter creams are usually effective to treat tinea cruris.
Tinea Pedis
Ringworm of the foot is called tinea pedis. Also called athlete's foot, this infection can begin with nothing more than mild itching between the toes. As the infection progresses, it can involve the entire foot, including the nails. Tinea pedis can cause scaling and shedding of the skin on the sole of the foot, thickening and discoloration of the toenails, and deep cracks in the skin between the toes. Itching and burning are common symptoms. Broken skin due to the fungus can allow bacteria to enter, causing an additional infection called cellulitis. If toenails are infected by fungus, an anti-fungal pill may be needed to clear the tinea. If the infection is only in the skin, over-the-counter creams are generally effective. A similar infection can occur in the hands and fingernails.
