Can An Iodine Supplement Get My Thyroid To Work Again?

Iodine is an essential element for proper functioning of the thyroid gland. When your body contains inadequate iodine, the level of thyroid hormone drops and may lead to a condition known as hypothyroidism. Iodine supplements are sometimes prescribed to mitigate this problem, however they may also exacerbate thyroid conditions if taken improperly. For this reason, consult your physician first before taking iodine supplements.

Role of Iodine in the Body

As previously aforementioned, iodine is a vital component of thyroid hormone. When iodine enters your body, it is taken to a small gland directly underneath the Adam's apple on your neck called the thyroid gland. Iodine is then conjoined with an amino acid known as tyrosine to make thyroid hormone. The primary function of iodine is to regulate metabolism, or the rate at which energy is produced within your body.

Iodine Deficiency

Iodine deficiency is prevalent in developing countries however it is rare in developed countries, such as the United States, due to the widespread use of iodized salt. Over time, iodine deficiency can lead to hypothyroidism, goiters as well as various birth defects. Certain individuals who do not incorporate iodized salt, seaweed or fish into their diet may also be at risk for iodine deficiency. Since the institution of iodized salt in 1993, the prevalence of iodine deficiency has dropped worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 66 percent of households in the world now use iodized salt.

Iodine Supplements

The theory behind iodine supplementation for hypothyroidism is that iodine will stimulate the production of thyroid hormone. This theory stands true only for cases of hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency. Dr. Todd Nippoldt of the Mayo Clinic advises patients with hypothyroidism to exercise caution with iodine because "if iodine is not the cause of hypothyroidism, then iodine supplements provide no benefit." In fact, iodine supplements may actually worsen hypothyroidism in those with normal iodine levels.

Risks of Excessive Iodine Intake

Although considered a natural treatment, iodine supplements still carry the risk of several dangerous health implications, especially when used in large doses. Excessive iodine intake in those with iodine deficiency can actually lead to an overproduction of thyroid hormone known as iodine-induced hyperthyroidism. The reason for this is that iodine deficient individuals are more sensitive to the effects of iodine, so even small amounts of iodine can lead to substantial increases in thyroid hormone. In those with with normal iodine levels, high doses can result in the development of a goiter or even hypothyroidism. Other side effects may include headache, stomach upset, nausea, diarrhea and metallic taste of the mouth. The Food and Nutrition Board has established a tolerable upper intake level of 1,100 mcg per day for adults to prevent complications associated with excessive iodine intake.

Recommendation

See your doctor if you experience signs or symptoms of hypothyroidism such as fatigue, weakness, dry skin, weight gain, constipation, thinning of the hair or brittle fingernails. He or she may run several blood tests to determine if your thyroid hormone levels are low. To determine if you are iodine deficient, she may also test for iodine in your urine, since excess iodine is excreted through your urine.