Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition generally diagnosed in children, teenagers and young adults. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells, which produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that aids in the process of transporting glucose to cells throughout the body. Glucose is the energy source for cells. An individual with type 1 diabetes presents with symptoms and must receive insulin in order to stay alive.
Excessive Urination
With type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce sufficient amounts of insulin. Without insulin, the cells cannot absorb glucose and levels build up within the blood. The kidneys respond to the increased blood glucose levels by eliminating glucose through urine. According to the AboutKidsHealth website, once the renal threshold, which is the point at which the kidneys allow sugar to enter the urine, is reached, the elimination process begins. The infant urinates more frequently and in larger amounts to get rid of the excess sugar.
Excessive Thirst
Excessive thirst is one of the first symptoms of type 1 diabetes in infants. This early indication of high blood sugar levels is difficult to access in children who are not yet able to speak. The AboutKidsHealth website explains that as blood sugar levels rise, the child will urinate more often. This leads to dehydration. To avoid this, the body demands more water and the infant is thirstier.
Diaper Rash That Does Not Improve
Infants with type 1 diabetes often have a diaper rash that does not improve with the use of medicated cream. The fungus or yeast that causes the rash thrives on the excessive amounts of sugar excreted in the infant's urine.
Drowsiness and Lethargy
The body needs energy to thrive. An infant appears drowsy and lethargic because his cells are deprived of their source of energy. To compensate, the body begins to break down fat to be used in place of glucose. Once this occurs, the infant begins to lose weight.
