There are negative effects possible with all methods of birth control. Failure to prevent pregnancy is one possible negative effect of all birth control methods, including natural methods; however, artificial birth control methods have other negative effects associated with them.
Birth Control Pills, Injections and Patches
Birth control pills, injections and patches are hormonal birth control options. The common side effects of these are all similar. Increased acne, weight gain, depression, spotting between periods, loss of libido, vaginal infections and nausea/vomiting are all possible side effects of hormonal birth control methods. Serious side effects include blood clots, a possible increased risk of cervical cancer, heart attacks and strokes.
Condoms, Cervical Cap, Diaphragm, Spermicides, Sponges
Condoms, cervical caps, diaphragms, spermicides and sponges are barrier methods of birth control. Side effects of these include an allergic reaction to the materials used in the products and irritation while using the products. In some cases, toxic shock syndrome may occur, especially if the products aren't removed immediately after use. The spermicide frequently used, nonoxynol-9, may increase the risk of contracting HIV, according to the World Health Organization. Diaphragms and cervical caps may make a woman more susceptible to urinary tract infections.
Vaginal Rings and IUDs
Vaginal rings and intrauterine devices (IUDs) increase a woman's chance of developing vaginitis. Severe bleeding and cramping, uterine perforation and pain after insertion can be side effects of IUDs.
Sterilization
Female and male sterilization both have a risk of pain and/or regret after the surgery. A female who has a tubal ligation faces the risk of complications with the anesthesia used for the surgery. There is also a risk of an ectopic pregnancy if the surgery fails to work properly.
Emergency Contraception
Emergency contraception is used to prevent an unwanted pregnancy after having unprotected sex. The side effects of emergency contraception usually abate within a day after the last dose is taken. Nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness and fatigue are all possible side effects of this type of birth control. The U.S. National Institutes of Health also lists abdominal pain as a side effect.
