5 Possible Causes of Low Body Temperature and What They Mean

You've probably had it drilled into your head that your body temperature "should" be 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit and that a high or low body temperature signals something is wrong. But that's not quite true.

In general, normal body temperature differs among individuals and ranges from about 97 to 99 degrees Fahrenheit (36.1 to 37.2 degrees Celsius) when taken with an oral thermometer, per the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM).

Your average body temperature will increase or decrease depending on factors like your age, gender, race and the time of day — it can even be an effect of exercise.

Here's the good news: A slightly lower-than-normal temperature is usually nothing to worry about.

In fact, research suggests that average human body temperature may be decreasing slightly, and that 97.5 degrees Fahrenheit (36.4 degrees Celsius) may be a "new normal" temperature, according to Harvard Health Publishing.

This may be due to the fact that we now spend much of our time in temperature-controlled settings, or perhaps because of a population-wide drop in metabolic rate or inflammation, per Stanford Medicine.

What temperature is too low for a person, then?

A consistently or very low body temperature that's lower than 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius) often signals accidental hypothermia or an underlying medical issue. That's because having a low body temperature that's less than 95 degrees Fahrenheit doesn't provide enough heat for your heart, nervous system and other organs to function, according to the Mayo Clinic.

In general, low body temperature occurs when the body loses heat faster than it's able to produce it, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Low body temperature can occur as a result of both external causes (like medication side effects, age or cold weather) and internal causes within the body, such as hormone and nervous system disorders.

Here are several of the other possible causes of low body temperature, along with when to see your doctor.

Your body temperature reflects the balance between the heat your body generates versus how much it loses. Prolonged exposure to a cold environment can potentially lead to hypothermia because of excessive heat loss, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Infants and older adults are particularly susceptible to this condition, as their bodies don't regulate body temperature as well as those in other age groups.

Serious hypothermia is more likely to occur in extreme conditions like if your car breaks down in a blizzard, rather than if you spend a few hours bundled up at a football game on a cold day.

Still, if you plan to spend time outside in cool or cold weather, dress in warm clothing and avoid drinking alcohol, as it dilates your superficial blood vessels and increases loss of body heat, per the Mayo Clinic.

And here's how to increase core body temperature if it's already occurred:

• Get out of the cold
• Remove any wet clothing
• Bundle up in blankets
• Sip warm beverages
• Avoid applying direct heat, like hot water

Hormones regulate many bodily functions, including body temperature maintenance, according to Rush. But per the Cleveland Clinic, if you have hormonal disorders such as hypothyroidism, it can mess with your temperature and make you feel too cold.

That's because reduced production of hormones can potentially lead to a lower-than-normal body temperature or intolerance to cold. In fact, a low body temperature sometimes serves as an important clue to a hormonal problem.

An area of your brain called the hypothalamus serves as the primary site of body temperature regulation, according to Rush. It sends messages to the rest of your body that result in either overall heat conservation or loss.

Nervous system disorders can disrupt this temperature regulation or your response to external sources of cold, leading to a low body temperature, according to an April 2016 review in ‌Autonomic Neuroscience‌. Examples of these conditions include:

• Stroke
• Spinal cord injury
• Parkinson's disease
• Multiple sclerosis
  
• Poor circulation in the limbs, also known as peripheral artery disease, per the Mayo Clinic.

Most people think a fever and infection go hand in hand — and they often do.

But you can also have a low body temperature when sick. For instance, a serious infection like pneumonia sometimes triggers a low body temperature, especially among older adults and people with weakened immune systems, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Hypothermia associated with a serious infection often indicates a complication called sepsis, which refers to an out-of-control inflammatory response to the infection leading to malfunction of body organs or systems, per the NLM.

Having a low body temperature but feeling hot may also be a sign of this condition if accompanied by other signs of sepsis (like rapid breathing, fast pulse and disorientation).

A slight decrease or subnormal temperature is a potential side effect of certain medications, including some types of drugs used to treat depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, according to the ‌Autonomic Neuroscience‌ review.

Additional possible, uncommon causes of low body temperature include:

• Anorexia nervosa, per the ‌Autonomic Neuroscience‌ review
  
• Chronic vitamin B1 deficiency, also known as Wernicke encephalopathy, per the NLM
• Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, per the Cleveland Clinic
• Certain skin conditions, such as erythrodermic psoriasis, per the National Psoriasis Foundation

Sometimes your body temperature can read lower on a thermometer because you took your temperature incorrectly. In order to get a proper reading, follow these steps, per the Mayo Clinic:

• Always use a digital thermometer: The different types include rectal, oral, temporal artery (scan the outside of your forehead) and armpit or ear thermometers. Oral and rectal thermometers tend to be more accurate than the other types, which can be affected by the environmental temperature.
  
• Make sure the thermometer is touching skin.
  
• Hold the thermometer still while it's reading.
• Don't remove the thermometer until it has beeped or indicated that it's done reading.
• Take your temperature a few times to ensure the reading is correct.

You don't need to run to the doctor every time your body temperature raises or lowers a degree or two. As mentioned earlier, a temperature as low as 97 degrees Fahrenheit (36 degrees Celsius) can be perfectly normal if you otherwise feel well.

But you should see your doctor if your body temperature is regularly less than 97 degrees Fahrenheit, especially if you experience other signs or symptoms, according to the Cleveland Clinic.

Per the Mayo Clinic, call 911 for emergency medical care if any warning signs or symptoms indicating possible hypothermia or sepsis occur, including:

• Shivering
• Slurred speech or mumbling
• Slow, shallow breathing
• Weak pulse
• Lack of coordination
• Drowsiness
• Confusion
• Memory loss
• Loss of consciousness
• Bright red, cold skin (in babies)