For more than a century, parents and health care providers have treated colic in infants using gripe water--a concoction composed of water, sodium bicarbonate, herbal extracts and sweeteners. Despite its popularity as a home remedy for common discomforts in babies, there is relatively little scientific evidence to support the use of gripe water. Additionally, while serious side effects are rare, there are some risks associated with the use of this over-the-counter remedy.
Tooth Decay
In a report published in 2000 in the "Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine," Ivan Blumenthal speculates that gripe water's effectiveness relates to its sweet flavor. Blumenthal notes that sugar has a powerful analgesic effect for young babies, but expresses concern about its impact on a baby's developing teeth. Sucrose and fructose can both lead to cavities and tooth decay, and Blumenthal suggests that artificial sweeteners such as aspartame may be equally effective.
Breast Development
Gas-relieving herbs used in gripe water may cause thelarche, or premature development of breast tissue. Fennel, a common herbal ingredient in gripe water, contains estrogen-like medicinal compounds including anethole and dianethole. A November 2008 report in the "Journal of Pediatric Surgery" notes that these compounds can stimulate thelarche in babies of both genders. Although the authors of the report do not advise complete avoidance of fennel, they urge parents to use gripe water and fennel tea with caution.
Allergic Reactions
Herbs used in gripe water may cause allergic reactions in susceptible babies. Chamomile, a relative of the ragweed plant, is used in gripe water because of its calming and sedative effects. However, the National Institutes of Health warns that this highly allergenic herb can trigger serious allergic reactions, including life-threatening breathing problems, for people with pre-existing sensitivities. Use gripe water with caution in babies with a personal or family history of allergies.
